Herpes Simplex Virus Adalah Pdf

Herpes Simplex Virus Adalah Pdf FileGlutathione as a skin whitening agent Facts, myths, evidence and controversies Sonthalia S, Daulatabad D, Sarkar R. REVIEW ARTICLEYear 2. Volume. 8. 2.   Issue 3    Page 2. Glutathione as a skin whitening agent Facts, myths, evidence and controversies. Sidharth Sonthalia. Deepashree Daulatabad. Rashmi Sarkar. 31 Skinnocence The Skin Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Department of Dermatology and STD, UCMS and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India. X33.jpg]];var lpix_1=pix_1.length;var p1_0= [[600' alt='Herpes Simplex Virus Adalah Pdf' title='Herpes Simplex Virus Adalah Pdf' />Department of Dermatology and STD, MAMC and LN Hospital, New Delhi, India. Date of Web Publication. Apr 2. 01. 6Correspondence Address Dr. Sidharth Sonthalia. Skinnocence The Skin Clinic, C 2. Sushant Lok 1, Block C, Gurgaon 1. Haryana India. Source of Support None, Conflict of Interest None. DOI 1. 0. 4. 10. Glutathione is a low molecular weight thiol tripeptide that plays a prominent role in maintaining intracellular redox balance. In addition to its remarkable antioxidant properties, the discovery of its antimelanogenic properties has led to its promotion as a skin lightening agent. Herpes Simplex Virus Adalah Pdf Editor12 Day Detox Plan Garcinia Cambogia Cleanse Combo Diet 12 Day Detox Plan Dr Oz Enchanted Garcinia Diet Dyna Garcinia Cambogia Gnc. Diarea Indonesia. Inggeris diarrhea ataupun ciritbirit merupakan keadaan di mana seseorang itu hilang kawalan keupayaan membuang najis secara normal. Glutathione as a skin whitening agent Facts, myths, evidence and controversies Sidharth Sonthalia 1, Deepashree Daulatabad 2, Rashmi Sarkar 3 1 Skinnocence The Skin. Day Detox Pdf Dr Oz Free Trial Garcinia Cambogia Free Trial 1 Day Detox Pdf Garcinia Mangostana Supplement What Are The Side Effects Of Pure Garcinia Cambogia. Herpes zoster nama lain shingles atau cacar ular cacar api adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus varicellazoster. Setelah seseorang menderita cacar air. It is widely used for this indication in some ethnic populations. However, there is a dichotomy between evidence to support its efficacy and safety. The hype around its depigmentary properties may be a marketing gimmick of pharma cosmeceutical companies. This review focuses on the various aspects of glutathione its metabolism, mechanism of action and the scientific evidence to evaluate its efficacy as a systemic skin lightening agent. Glutathione is present intracellularly in its reduced form and plays an important role in various physiological functions. Herpes Simplex Virus Adalah Pdf To Jpg' title='Herpes Simplex Virus Adalah Pdf To Jpg' />Its skin lightening effects result from direct as well as indirect inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme and switching from eumelanin to phaeomelanin production. It is available in oral, parenteral and topical forms. Although the use of intravenous glutathione injections is popular, there is no evidence to prove its efficacy. In fact, the adverse effects caused by intravenous glutathione have led the Food and Drug Administration of Philippines to issue a public warning condemning its use for off label indications such as skin lightening. Currently, there are three randomized controlled trials that support the skin lightening effect and good safety profile of topical and oral glutathione. However, key questions such as the duration of treatment, longevity of skin lightening effect and maintenance protocols remain unanswered. More randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials with larger sample size, long term follow up and well defined efficacy outcomes are warranted to establish the relevance of this molecule in disorders of hyperpigmentation and skin lightening. Keywords Depigmenting, glutathione, hyperpigmentation, skin lightening, skin whitening. How to cite this article Sonthalia S, Daulatabad D, Sarkar R. Glutathione as a skin whitening agent Facts, myths, evidence and controversies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2. How to cite this URL Sonthalia S, Daulatabad D, Sarkar R. Glutathione as a skin whitening agent Facts, myths, evidence and controversies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol serial online 2. Dec 3 8. 2 2. 62 7. Available from http www. A lighter skin tone has been considered a superior trait in most races, especially in women of Asian or African descent who have Fitzpatrick skin types IVVI. The higher prevalence of pigmentary disorders in these skin types adds to the woes of the patients. In relatively conservative societies such as India, many people are obsessed with the desire for a fair complexion for themselves as well as their spouse. Such traditions motivate the patient to desire fair complexion and sometimes seek it even against their will. Realizing this growing need for fair skin, many pharmaceutical companies are developing different molecules for skin lightening. A lot is already known about topical depigmenting agents such as hydroquinone, glycolic acid, arbutin, kojic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E and niacinamide, all of which are readily available over the counter. The advent of newer depigmenting molecules such as pycnogenol, orchid and marine algae extracts, cinnamic acid, soy, aloesin and Boswellia has offered more topical options. Apart from the local adverse effects of these agents, the important limitation is the localization of their effect to the site of application alone. The quest for systemic skin lightening logically ensued. Agents that have been promoted for this purpose include glutathione, tranexamic acid, l cysteine peptide, vitamin C, different plant extracts and their combinations. This review focuses on glutathione as a skin lightening agent. Aggressive media campaigns about its exaggerated effects as a skin lightening agent and over the counter availability of this drug have resulted in consumption of improper doses and schedules. These consumers, as well as dermatologists who prescribe oral glutathione for general skin lightening or as an adjuvant for disorders of hyperpigmentation, are often oblivious about its efficacy, dosing and adverse effects. Dermatologists frequently encounter patients who are inclined to self medicate with glutathione, enticed by the manufacturers claims. We are expected to intelligently answer queries regarding the efficacy and safety of this drug. Oral and intravenous glutathione have been available in some countries such as the Philippines for many years. This drug has recently made inroads in other countries including India. Most of the patients who desperately seek fair complexion or a new treatment modality for their refractory facial melanosis are typically internet and social media savvy. They are rich enough to afford expensive treatment. How To Auto Program Panasonic Tv Without Remote here. Pharmaceutical companies that manufacture intravenous glutathione have a marketing agenda and pursue dermatologists to administer this drug to such patients. Not surprisingly, the trend of recommending and administering intravenous glutathione has increased within months of it becoming available, despite the potential adverse effects and lack of evidence. It is important that dermatologists know about glutathione its efficacy, the mechanism of hypopigmentary effects, pharmacokinetics, evidence level and safety profile. In this review, we attempt to crystallize these concepts and analyze the current evidence supporting the efficacy of glutathione as an inhibitor of melanization. Glutathione glutamyl cysteinylglycine is a small, low molecular weight, water soluble thiol tripeptide formed by three amino acids glutamate, cysteine and glycine. It is a ubiquitous compound with a biologically active sulfhydryl group contributed by the cysteine moiety that acts as the active part of the molecule. This sulfhydryl group allows for interaction with a variety of biochemical systems, hence the abbreviation GSH for its active form. Glutathione is one of the most active antioxidant systems in human physiology. Biological activity The glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione exists in two interconvertible forms, reduced glutathione GSH and oxidized glutathione GSSG. GSH is the predominant intracellular form, which acts as a strong antioxidant and defends against toxic compounds and xenobiotics. In this process, GSH is constantly oxidized to GSSG by the enzyme glutathione peroxidase Figure 1. To maintain the intracellular redox balance, GSH is replenished through the reduction of GSSG by glutathione reductase enzyme. Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas. Diarea Indonesia. Inggeris diarrhea ataupun cirit birit merupakan keadaan di mana seseorang itu hilang kawalan keupayaan membuang najis secara normal menyebabkan ia sentiasa perlu membuang najis pada setiap masa. Pembuangan najis dilihat berlaku apabila najis yang dikeluarkan dari dubur yang pada kebiasaannya dalam bentuk pepejal menjadi lembut, berair atau sangat berair. Keadaan ini sekiranya berlarutan mampu menyebabkan kekeringan air terdehidrasi dehydrated dan sekiranya berterusan mampu membahayakan pesakit juga boleh menyebabkan maut. Definisi untuk diarea sebenar ialah peningkatan berat najis melebihi 2. Kebiasaannya pesakit akan mengalami rasa kurang selesa dibahagian perut, sakit dibahagian ulu hati. Pesakit pada permulaan biasanya mula rasa gelisah, cepat berpeluh dan seram sejuk diseluruh badan. Dalam kes yang lebih teruk, ia mengakibatkan pesakit tersebut mula berasa loya, muntah muntah dan juga demam. Ketidaknormalan kerap berlaku dalam penggerakan usus. Kehilangan banyak air dan najis yag tidak dicerna sepenuhnya. Terasa kejang dibahagian perut, sakit menyengat di bahagian ulu hati perasaan libang libu. Flatulence Kekembungan perut, kentut berpanjangan pembuangan gas metana asli dari usus yang lebih busuk dari kebiasaan, dan kerap. Apabila bahagian abdominal dipicit dan diurut, bunyi air dapat didengari dengan jelas. Pembuangan najis cair dan berair berterusan, serta rasa ingin muntah atau mengalamai kemuntahan. Dalam kebanyakan kes, cirit birit berlaku dan berlarutan dalam tempoh 2 3 hari. Namun ia juga boleh berlaku pada kadar lebih lama dari itu. Misalnya dalam kes taun, cirit birit serius boleh berlaku sehingga seminggu dengan kehilangan setengah liter air dalam badan dalam tempoh kira kira sejam. Terdapat beberapa faktor utama yang dikenal pasti penyebab masalah cirit birit 1Minum air minuman yang tidak dimasak sempurna atau ditapis bersih. Meminum air tercemar. Memakan makanan tidak dibersih dan dimasak dengan betul dan menyeluruh seperti memakan daging dan telur yang mentah atau kurang dimasak. Memakan makanan yang dicemari oleh bakteria berbahaya contohnya bakteria, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, dan Escherichia coli E. Jangkitan virus kuman. Terdapat pelbagai jenis kuman penyebab diarrhea, termasuklah rotavirus, norovirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, dan viral hepatitis. Jangkitan dengan rotavirus adalah penyebab biasa yang menyebabkan cirit birit kepada kanak kanak. Rotavirus diarrhea biasanya dapat dilangsaikan dalam 3 hingga 7 hari tetapi dapat menyebabkan masalah pencernaan laktosa melebihi sebulan atau lebih. Parasit. Parasit juga dapat memasuki tubuh dari makanan atau minuman tercemar dan parasit juga dapat berlindung atau menetap dalam sistem pencernaan manusia. Contoh parasit penyebab diarrhea termasuklah Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, dan Cryptosporidium. Penyakit usus. Luka atau kesan melecet diantara dinding usus juga dapat menggalakkan jangkitan kuman dan menyebabkan penyakit pada usus, sindrom iritasi usus IBS, ulcerative colitis, penyakit Crohns dan penyakit celiac acap kali menjadi penyebab kepada cirit birit. Ketidaktoleransian dan alahan kepada makanan serta sensitiviti. Ada segelintir orang yang mengalami cirit birit apabila memakan makanan yang banyak lemak misalnya lauk bersantan, daging tidak buang lemak, memakan buah tinggi lemak seperti durian. Ada juga pesakit yang alah terhadap gula laktosa, gula ini sering dijumpai dalam susu dan produk hasilan susu. Maka ada juga orang yang akan mengalami cirit birit apabila mengambil susu pada kadar yang banyak. Memakan makanan tinggi serat secara melampau dan bijirin dengan banyak juga boleh menyebabkan cirit birit. Bayi biasanya berumur dibawah 2 tahun juga apabila diberikan susu formula juga boleh menyebabkan ia mengalami cirit birit. Lihat susu ibu untuk maklumat lanjut. Tindak balas terhadap ubat ubatan. Antibiotik, ubat anti kanser, antasid yang mengandungi magnesium juga boleh menyebabkan diarrhea. Kegagalan fungsi sistem usus dan pencernaan. Cirit birit yang berlaku kepada beberapa orang melebihi tempoh 2. Ada juga segelintir pesakit yang baru melakukan pembedahan khususnya melibatkan bahagian sekitar abdomen akan mengalami cirit birit. Mendownload Buku Dari Google Book. Ini akan menyebabkan makanan yang diambil akan melalui sistem pencernaan dengan lebih cepat dari biasa. Pesakit yang akan melakukan pembedahan khususnya pada bahagian abdomen juga biasanya diperlukan berpuasa lebih kurang 1. Pelancong atau pemigrasi juga tidak terlepas dari mendapat diarrhea, biasanya ia berlaku akibat perubahan persekitaran yang berlainan dari tempat asalnya. Atau mungkin juga disebabkan oleh pengambilan makanan yang telah tercemar oleh bakteria, virus, parasit, batuan halus dan kasar samada secara segaja atau tidak sengaja tanpa dijangkakan. Pemigrasian atau melancong ke wilayah negara membangun seperti di benua Afrika, Asia, Amerika Latin dan Caribbean juga biasanya terdedah kepada risiko ini. Melawat ke negara seperti Kanada, kebanyakan negara negara di Eropah, Jepun, sebilangan kawasan di Australia dan di New Zealand, kelihatan kurang mendapat cirit birit, ini mungkin atas faktor cuaca persekitaran yang sejuk yang sedikit sebanyak dapat merencatkan keaktifan tindak balas bakteria, parasit dan virus dalam sistem pencernaan, atau mungkin juga faktor khidmat perubatan yang canggih dan terkini dinegara tersebut, serta tahap kebersihan dan hygenik yang tinggi diamalkan oleh masyarakat negara tersebut, yang mendorong pengurangan risiko mendapat cirit birit. Hampir kesemua orang dari pelbagai latar belakang budaya, bangsa, usia dan jantina boleh mendapat diarrhea. Di Amerika Syarikat, setiap orang dari golongan dewasa biasanya akan mengalami cirit birit akut acute diarrhea dalam setahun,2 dan kanak kanak pula secara purata akan mendapat 2 episod cirit birit dalam setahun. Dianggarkan bahawa dalam serangan cirit birit disebabkan oleh bakteria di Amerika Syarikat, 9. Campylobacter jejuni dangan peratusan 2. Du. Pont HL, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Guidelines on acute infectious diarrhea in adults. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. Ramaswamy K, Jacobson K. Infectious diarrhea in children. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. Profesor Madya Dr. Sheikh Anwar Abdullah, Elak minum susu, Kesihatan, M2, Mingguan Malaysia. Halaman 2. 3 2. 4.